Mol. Pharmaceutics 2016, 13, 9, 3308–3317 August 12, 2016 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00619 Comparison of Two Approaches for the Attachment of a Drug to Gold Nanoparticles and Their Anticancer Activities Yingjie Fu†, Qishuai Feng‡, Yifan Chen‡, Yajing Shen‡, Qihang Su‡, Yinglei Zhang‡, Xiang Zhou*†, and Yu Cheng*‡ Abstract Drug attachment is important in drug delivery for cancer chemotherapy. The elucidation of the release mechanism and biological behavior of a drug is essential for the design of delivery systems. Here, we used a hydrazone bond or an amide bond to attach an anticancer drug, doxorubicin (Dox), to gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and compared the effects of the chemical bond on the anticancer activities of the resulting Dox-GNPs. The drug release efficiency, cytotoxicity, subcellular distribution, and cell apoptosis of hydrazone-linked HDox-GNPs and amide-linked SDox-GNPs were evaluated in several cancer cells. HDox-GNPs exhibited greater potency for drug delivery via triggered release comediated by acidic pH and glutathione (GSH) than SDox-GNPs triggered by GSH alone. Dox released from HDox-GNPs was released in lysosomes and exerted its drug activity by entering the nuclei. Dox from SDox-GNPs was mainly localized in lysosomes, significantly reducing its efficacy against cancer cells. In addition, in vivo studies in tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that HDox-GNPs and SDox-GNPs both accumulate in tumor tissue. However, only HDox-GNPs enhanced inhibition of subcutaneous tumor growth. This study demonstrates that HDox-GNPs display significant advantages in drug release and antitumor efficacy. KEYWORDS: gold nanoparticle, doxorubicin, drug delivery, anticancer activity Related products Abbreviation: MeO-PEG-SH For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Bioact Mater. 2019 Apr 12:4:160-166. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.03.002. eCollection 2019 Dec. Synergistic therapy of magnetism-responsive hydrogel for soft tissue injuries Lining Zhang 1, Xiuqin Zuo 1, Shengjie Li 1, Mi Sun 2, Huimin Xie 1, Kai Zhang 1, Jikun Zhou 1, Liyun Che 1, Junxuan Ma 3 4, Zishan Jia 1, Fei Yang 2 5 Abstract Soft tissue injury is very common and associated with pain, tissue swelling and even malformation if not treated on time. Treating methods include cryotherapy, electrical therapy, ultrasound therapy and anti-inflammatory drug, but none of them is completely satisfying. In this work, for a better therapeutic effect, drug therapy and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy were combined. We constructed a drug delivery system using the tetra-PEG/agar hydrogel (PA). By incorporating Fe3O4 NPs into the hydrogel network, a magnetism-responsive property was achieved in the system. The cytotoxicity and in vivo study showed a good biocompatibility of the PA/Fe3O4 hydrogel. A magnetism-controlled release was attained by the incorporation of Fe3O4. Finally, in vivo study showed a better performance of the DS-loaded PA/Fe3O4 compared with the commercially available DS ointment regarding the recovery of the injured soft tissue. Therefore, this magnetism-responsive hydrogel may represent a promising alternative to treat soft tissue injury. Keywords: Hydrogel; Magnetism-responsive; Tetra-PEG/agar; Tissue injury. Related products Abbreviation: Tetrazine-PEG-NH2 Abbreviation: Tetrazine-PEG-NHS For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Biomater Sci. 2020 Jun 7;8(11):3138-3146. doi: 10.1039/d0bm00376j. Epub 2020 Apr 30. Long-term delivery of alendronate through an injectable tetra-PEG hydrogel to promote osteoporosis therapy Dawei Li 1, Jin Zhou, Mingming Zhang, Yuanzheng Ma, Yanyu Yang, Xue Han, Xing Wang Abstract Pharmacotherapy for hypercalcemia, which is mainly caused by osteoporosis, is an effective method to regulate the in vivo calcium equilibrium. From this perspective, the development of a minimally invasive gelling system for the prolonged local delivery of bisphosphonates has practical significance in the clinical therapy of bone osteoporosis. Here, a biocompatible and injectable hydrogel based on a uniform tetra-PEG network carrying a PEG-modified alendronate (ALN) prodrug for the localized elution and long-term sustained release of anti-osteoporotic small molecule drugs is reported. The obtained ALN-based tetra-PEG hydrogels exhibit rapid gel formation and excellent injectability, thereby allowing for the easy injection and consequent adaptation of hydrogels into the bone defects with irregular shapes, which promotes the ALN-based tetra-PEG hydrogels with depot formulation capacity for governing the on-demand release of ALN drugs and local reinforcement of bone osteoporosis at the implantation sites of animals. The findings imply that these injectable hydrogels mediate the optimized release of therapeutic cargoes and effectively promote in situ bone regeneration via minimally invasive procedures, which is effective for clinical osteoporosis therapy. Related products Abbreviation: Tetrazine-PEG-NH2 Abbreviation: Tetrazine-PEG-NHS For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Publication Date:August 18, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01208 Selective Doping of Positive and Negative Spatial Defects into Polymer Gels by Tuning the Pregel Packing Conditions of Star Polymers Abstract Gels are giant single molecules that consist of a very large number (∼Avogadro’s number) of cross-linked nanometer-size polymer chains.   Unlike most low-molecular-weight compounds, the extensively cross-linked gel networks typically do not exhibit a well-defined structure.   In a previous study, we disproved this preconception and demonstrated that by applying suitable percolation conditions during the gelation process, a highly homogeneous gel with an ordered structure can be synthesized.   In the present study, we further demonstrate that by tuning the percolation conditions, stable polymer-rich or polymer-poor nanodefects can be selectively introduced in the gel network;   the controlled addition of such nanodefects has not been achieved before.   The successful introduction of nanodefects was confirmed using laser speckle tests, and their structures and dynamics were evaluated in Fourier space using static and dynamic scattering measurements.   While the addition of polymer-rich defects had a relatively little effect on the elastic modulus of gels, the addition of pores significantly lowered the elastic modulus, suggesting that substantial topological defects were introduced simultaneously when the packing ratio was low.   The controlled addition of such nanodefects may potentially modulate the structural, mechanical, optical, and mass transportation properties of the gels effectively, and thus serve as a new design strategy for gel materials. Related products Abbreviation: Tetrazine-PEG-NH2 Name: α-Tetrazine-ω-amino poly(ethylene glycol) For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Biomater Sci. 2020 Jun 21;8(12):3334-3347.   doi: 10.1039/d0bm00429d.   Epub 2020 May 20. Coupling PEG-LZM polymer networks with polyphenols yields suturable biohydrogels for tissue patching Haoqi Tan 1, Junjie Sun, Dawei Jin, Jialin Song, Miao Lei, Artem Antoshin, Xin Chen, Meng Yin, Xue Qu, Changsheng Liu Abstract Poor mechanical performances severely limit the application of hydrogels in vivo;   for example, it is difficult to perform a very common suturing operation on hydrogels during surgery.   There is a growing demand to improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels for broadening their clinical applications.   Natural polyphenols can match the potential toughening sites in our previously reported PEG-lysozyme (LZM) hydrogel because polyphenols have unique structural units including a hydroxyl group and an aromatic ring that can interact with PEG via hydrogen bonding and form hydrophobic interactions with LZM.   By utilizing polyphenols as noncovalent crosslinkers, the resultant PEG-LZM-polyphenol hydrogel presents super toughness and high elasticity in comparison to pristine PEG-LZM with no obvious changes in the initial shape, and it can even withstand the high pressure from sutures.   At the same time, the mechanical properties could be widely adjusted by varying the polyphenol concentration.   Interestingly, the PEG-LZM-polyphenol hydrogel has a higher water content than other polyphenol-toughened hydrogels, which may better meet the clinical needs for hydrogel materials.   Besides, the introduction of polyphenols endows the hydrogel with improved antibacterial and anti-inflammatory abilities.   Finally, the PEG-LZM-polyphenol (tannic acid) hydrogel was demonstrated to successfully patch a rabbit myocardial defect by suturing for 4 weeks and improve the wound healing and heart function recovery compared to autologous muscle patches. Related products Abbreviation: Tetrazine-PEG-NH2 Name: α-Tetrazine-ω-amino poly(ethylene glycol) For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Nat Commun. 2020 Sep 9;11(1):4502.    doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18308-9. Swelling-strengthening hydrogels by embedding with deformable nanobarriers Feng Wu 1, Yan Pang 2, Jinyao Liu 3 Abstract Biological tissues, such as muscle, can increase their mechanical strength after swelling due to the existence of many biological membrane barriers that can regulate the transmembrane transport of water molecules and ions.    Oppositely, typical synthetic materials show a swelling-weakening behavior, which always suffers from a sharp decline in mechanical strength after swelling, because of the dilution of the network.    Here, we describe a swelling-strengthening phenomenon of polymer materials achieved by a bioinspired strategy.    Liposomal membrane nanobarriers are covalently embedded in a crosslinked network to regulate transmembrane transport.    After swelling, the stretched network deforms the liposomes and subsequently initiates the transmembrane diffusion of the encapsulated molecules that can trigger the formation of a new network from the preloaded precursor.    Thanks to the tough nature of the double-network structure, the swelling-strengthening phenomenon is achieved to polymer hydrogels successfully.    Swelling-triggered self-strengthening enables the development of various dynamic materials. Related products Abbreviation: Tetrazine-PEG-NH2 Name: α-Tetrazine-ω-amino poly(ethylene glycol) For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Biomater Sci. 2020 Dec 15;8(24):6946-6956.    doi: 10.1039/d0bm01213k. A reduced polydopamine nanoparticle-coupled sprayable PEG hydrogel adhesive with anti-infection activity for rapid wound sealing Junjie Sun 1, Haoqi Tan 1, Huan Liu 1, Dawei Jin 2, Meng Yin 2, Haodong Lin 3, Xue Qu 1, Changsheng Liu 1 Abstract There is a growing demand to develop sprayable hydrogel adhesives with rapid-forming and antibacterial abilities to instantly seal open wounds and combat pathogen infection.    Herein, we propose to design a polydopamine nanoparticle (PDA NP) coupled PEG hydrogel that can quickly solidify via an amidation reaction after spraying as well as tightly binding PDA NPs to deliver reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce a photothermal effect for bactericidal activity, and provide a hydrophilic surface for antifouling activity.    The molecular structure of the 4-arm-PEG-NHS precursor was regulated to increase its reactivity with 4-arm-PEG-NH2, which thus shortened the gelation time of the PEG adhesive to 1 s to allow a fast solidification after being sprayed.    The PEG-NHS precursor also provided covalent binding with tissue and PDA NPs.    The reduced PDA NPs have redox activity to convey electrons to oxygen to generate ROS (H2O2), thus endowing the hydrogel with ROS dependent antibacterial ability.    Moreover, NIR irradiation can accelerate the ROS release because of the photothermal effect of PDA NPs.    In vitro tests demonstrated that H2O2 and the NIR-photothermal effect synergistically induced a fast bacterial killing, and an in vivo anti-infection test also proved the effectiveness of PEG-PDA.    The sprayable PEG-PDA hydrogel adhesive, with rapid-forming performance and a dual bactericidal mechanism, may be promising for sealing large-scale and acute wound sites or invisible bleeding sites, and protect them from pathogen infection. Related products Abbreviation: SC-PEG-SC Name: α,ω-Disuccinimidyl poly(ethylene glycol) Abbreviation: SCM-PEG-SCM Name: α,ω-Disuccinimidyl carboxymethyl ester poly(ethylene glycol) Abbreviation: SPA-PEG-SPA Name: α,ω-Disuccinimidyl propionyloxy poly(ethylene glycol) Abbreviation: 4-arm PEG-SC Name: 4-arm Poly(ethylene glycol) succinimidyl carbonate Abbreviation: 4-arm PEG-SCM Name: 4-arm Poly(ethylene glycol) succinimidyl carboxymethyl ester For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

March 2019 Chinese Journal of Polymer Science (English Edition) 37(6) DOI:10.1007/s10118-019-2234-z Langmuir-Blodgett Films of C60-end-capped Poly(ethylene oxide) Abstract Buckyballs (C60) are linked to one end and two ends of linear poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains through highly efficient click chemistry to obtain giant amphiphilic molecules C60-PEO and C60-PEO-C60, respectively. C60-PEO and C60-PEO-C60 molecules are spread on water surface and then transferred to solid substrates with Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film deposition approach. C60-PEO and C60-PEO-C60 exhibit fractal growth behavior on the solid substrate under certain conditions owing to the crystallization ability of PEO segment. PEO chain length and the end capped mode both affect the fractal growth pattern. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-N3 Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) azide Abbreviation: N3-PEG-N3 Name: α,ω-Diazido poly(ethylene glycol) For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com