Biomaterials. 2017 Oct:141:116-124.  doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.06.030.  Epub 2017 Jun 27. Autophagy inhibition enabled efficient photothermal therapy at a mild temperature Zhengjie Zhou 1, Yang Yan 1, Kewen Hu 1, Yuan Zou 2, Yiwen Li 2, Rui Ma 1, Qiang Zhang 3, Yiyun Cheng 4 Abstract The heterogeneously-distributed hyperthermia in nanomaterial-mediated photothermal therapy commonly results in incomplete tumor eradication and serious damage of health tissue.  Here, we found autophagy was activated in cancer cells underwent photothermal therapy and the inhibition of autophagy significantly enhanced the efficacy of photothermal killing of cancer cells.  A formulation of chloroquine-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles was developed for sensitized photothermal cancer therapy, and the in vitro and in vivo study demonstrated that inhibition of autophagy remarkably augmented the efficacy of photothermal therapy, leading to efficient tumor suppression at a mild temperature.  The regulation of autophagy provides a new route to increase the efficacy of photothermal cancer therapy. Keywords: Autophagy;  Chloroquine;  Photothermal therapy;  Polydopamine nanoparticles;  Sensitization. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SH Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol Abbreviation: H2N-PEG-SH Name: α-Amino-ω-mercapto poly(ethylene glycol) For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2014 Nov 26;6(22):19544-51.  doi: 10.1021/am505649q.  Epub 2014 Nov 14. Supramolecular hybrid hydrogel based on host-guest interaction and its application in drug delivery Jing Yu 1, Wei Ha, Jian-nan Sun, Yan-ping Shi Abstract In this work, we developed a simple, novel method for constructing gold nanocomposite supramolecular hybrid hydrogels for drug delivery, in which gold nanocrystals were utilized as building blocks.  First, methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol (mPEG-SH, molecular weight (MW)=5 K) capped gold nanocrystals (nanospheres and nanorods) were prepared via a facile one-step ligand-exchange procedure.  Then, the homogeneous supramolecular hybrid hydrogels were formed, after adding α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) into PEG-modified gold nanocrystal solutions, due to the host-guest inclusion.  Both gold nanoparticles and inclusion complexes formed between α-CD and PEG chain provided the supra-cross-links, which are beneficial to the gelation formation.  The resulting hybrid hydrogels were fully characterized by a combination of techniques including X-ray diffraction, rheology studies, and scanning electron microscopy.  Meanwhile, the hybrid hydrogel systems demonstrated unique reversible gel-sol transition properties at a certain temperature caused by the temperature-responsive reversible supramolecular assembly.  The drug delivery applications of such hybrid hydrogels were further investigated in which doxorubicin was selected as a model drug for in vitro release, cytotoxicity, and intracellular release studies.  We believe that the development of such hybrid hydrogels will provide new and therapeutically useful means for medical applications. Keywords: drug delivery;  gold nanoparticles;  host−guest inclusion;  supramolecular hybrid hydrogel. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SH Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Biomaterials. 2014 Aug;35(25):7058-67.    doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.105.    Epub 2014 May 20. Stability enhanced polyelectrolyte-coated gold nanorod-photosensitizer complexes for high/low power density photodynamic therapy Zhenzhi Shi 1, Wenzhi Ren 1, An Gong 1, Xinmei Zhao 1, Yuehong Zou 1, Eric Michael Bratsolias Brown 2, Xiaoyuan Chen 3, Aiguo Wu 4 Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment modality for cancer and other malignant diseases, however safety and efficacy improvements are required before it reaches its full potential and wider clinical use.    Herein, we investigated a highly efficient and safe photodynamic therapy procedure by developing a high/low power density photodynamic therapy mode (high/low PDT mode) using methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol (mPEG-SH) modified gold nanorod (GNR)-AlPcS4 photosensitizer complexes.    mPEG-SH conjugated to the surface of simple polyelectrolyte-coated GNRs was verified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy;    this improved stability, reduced cytotoxicity, and increased the encapsulation and loading efficiency of the nanoparticle dispersions.    The GNR-photosensitizer complexes were exposed to the high/low PDT mode (high light dose = 80 mW/cm(2) for 0.5 min;    low light dose = 25 mW/cm(2) for 1.5 min), and a high PDT efficacy leads to approximately 90% tumor cell killing.    Due to synergistic plasmonic photothermal properties of the complexes, the high/low PDT mode demonstrated improved efficacy over using single wavelength continuous laser irradiation.    Additionally, no significant loss in viability was observed in cells exposed to free AlPcS4 photosensitizer under the same irradiation conditions.    Consequently, free AlPcS4 released from GNRs prior to cellular entry did not contribute to cytotoxicity of normal cells or impose limitations on the use of the high power density laser.    This high/low PDT mode may effectively lead to a safer and more efficient photodynamic therapy for superficial tumors. Keywords: AlPcS4 photosensitizer;    Gold nanorods;    High/low power density;    Near-infrared;    Photodynamic therapy (PDT);    Synergistic therapy. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SH Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Biomaterials. 2018 Mar:158:23-33.   doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.12.009.   Epub 2017 Dec 13. Rattle-type Au@Cu2-xS hollow mesoporous nanocrystals with enhanced photothermal efficiency for intracellular oncogenic microRNA detection and chemo-photothermal therapy Yu Cao 1, Shuzhou Li 2, Chao Chen 2, Dongdong Wang 1, Tingting Wu 1, Haifeng Dong 3, Xueji Zhang 4 Abstract The coupling of the localized surface plasma resonance (LSPR) between noble metals of Au, Ag and Cu and semiconductors of Cu2-xE (E = S, Se, Te) opens new regime to design photothermal (PT) agents with enhanced PT conversion efficiency.   However, it is rarely explored on fabricating of engineered dual plasmonic hybrid nanosystem for combinatory therapeutic-diagnostic applications.   Herein, rattle-type Au@Cu2-xS hollow mesoporous nanoparitcles with advanced PT conversion efficiency are designed for cellular vehicles and chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy platform.   The LSPR coupling between the Au core and Cu2-xS shell are investigated experimentally and theoretically to generate a PT conversion efficiency high to 35.2% and enhanced by 11.3% than that of Cu2-xS.   By conjugating microRNA (miRNA) gene probe on the surface, it can realize the intracellular oncogenic miRNA detection.   After loading of anticancer drug doxorubicin into the cavity of the Au@Cu2-xS, the antitumor therapy efficacy is greatly enhanced in vitro and in vivo due to the NIR photoactivation chemo- and photothermal synergistic therapy.   The rattle-type metal-semiconductor hollow mesoporous nanostructure with efficient LSPR coupling and high cargo loading capability will be beneficial to future design of LSPR-based photothermal agents for a broad range of biomedical application. Keywords: Chemo-photothermal therapy;   Localized surface plasma resonance coupling;   MicroRNA detection;   Rattle-type Au@Cu(2−x)S;   Theranostic platform. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SH Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Chem Sci. 2018 Apr 12;9(18):4268-4274.  doi: 10.1039/c8sc00104a.  eCollection 2018 May 14. Pd nanosheets with their surface coordinated by radioactive iodide as a high-performance theranostic nanoagent for orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma imaging and cancer therapy Mei Chen 1 2, Zhide Guo 3, Qinghua Chen 4, Jingping Wei 1, Jingchao Li 1, Changrong Shi 3, Duo Xu 3, Dawang Zhou 4, Xianzhong Zhang 3, Nanfeng Zheng 1 Abstract Radiolabeled nanoparticles (NPs), taking advantage of nanotechnology and nuclear medicine, have shown attractive potential for cancer diagnosis and therapy.  However, the high background signal in the liver and long-term toxic effects of radioisotopes caused by the nonselective accumulation of radiolabeled nanoparticles in organs have become the major challenges.  Here, we report a pH-sensitive multifunctional theranostic platform with radiolabeled Pd nanosheets through a simple mixture of ultra-small Pd nanosheets and radioisotopes utilizing the strong adsorption of 131I and 125I on their surfaces (denoted as 131I-Pd-PEG or 125I-Pd-PEG).  Systematic studies reveal that the labeling efficiency is higher than 98% and the adsorption of radioiodine is more stable in an acidic environment.  In vivo studies further validate the pH-dependent behavior of this platform and the enhanced retention of radioisotopes in tumors due to the acidic microenvironment.  Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images with zero background were successfully achieved in a subcutaneous 4T1 tumor model, an orthotopic LM3 tumor model, and even in a Mst1/2 double-knockout hepatoma model.  Moreover, the application of radiolabeled Pd nanosheets for photoacoustic (PA) imaging, and combined photothermal and radiotherapy was also explored.  Therefore, this study provides a simple and efficient strategy to solve the critical high background issue of radiolabeled nanoparticles and shows enormous potential for clinical applications. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SH Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Int J Pharm. 2016 Jan 30;497(1-2):210-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.032. Epub 2015 Dec 1. Nanocomposite hydrogel incorporating gold nanorods and paclitaxel-loaded chitosan micelles for combination photothermal-chemotherapy Nan Zhang 1, Xuefan Xu 1, Xue Zhang 1, Ding Qu 1, Lingjing Xue 2, Ran Mo 1, Can Zhang 3 Abstract Development of combination photothermal-chemotherapy platform is of great interest for enhancing antitumor efficacy and inhibiting tumor recurrence, which supports selective and dose-controlled delivery of heat and anticancer drugs to tumor. Here, an injectable nanocomposite hydrogel incorporating PEGylated gold nanorods (GNRs) and paclitaxel-loaded chitosan polymeric micelles (PTX-M) is developed in pursuit of improved local tumor control. After intratumoral injection, both GNRs and PTX-M can be simultaneously delivered and immobilized in the tumor tissue by the thermo-sensitive hydrogel matrix. Exposure to the laser irradiation induces the GNR-mediated photothermal damage confined to the tumor with sparing the surrounding normal tissue. Synergistically, the co-delivered PTX-M shows prolonged tumor retention with the sustained release of anticancer drug to efficiently kill the residual tumor cells that evade the photothermal ablation due to the heterogeneous heating in the tumor region. This combination photothermal-chemotherapy presents superior effects on suppressing the tumor recurrence and prolonging the survival in the Heps-bearing mice, compared to the photothermal therapy alone. Keywords: Chemotherapy; Chitosan micelles; Combination therapy; Gold nanorod; Photothermal therapy. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SH Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017 Sep 13;9(36):31153-31160.   doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b09529.   Epub 2017 Aug 30. Mixed Self-Assembly of Polyethylene Glycol and Aptamer on Polydopamine Surface for Highly Sensitive and Low-Fouling Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate in Complex Media Guixiang Wang 1 2, Qingjun Xu 1, Lei Liu 1, Xiaoli Su 1, Jiehua Lin 1, Guiyun Xu 1, Xiliang Luo 1 Abstract Detection of disease biomarkers within complex biological media is a substantial outstanding challenge because of severe biofouling and nonspecific adsorptions.   Herein, a reliable strategy for sensitive and low-fouling detection of a biomarker, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in biological samples was developed through the formation of a mixed self-assembled sensing interface, which was constructed by simultaneously self-assembling polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ATP aptamer onto the self-polymerized polydopamine-modified electrode surface.   The developed aptasensor exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity toward the detection of ATP, and the linear range was 0.1-1000 pM, with a detection limit down to 0.1 pM.   Moreover, owing to the presence of PEG within the sensing interface, the aptasensor was capable of sensing ATP in complex biological media such as human plasma with significantly reduced nonspecific adsorption effect.   Assaying ATP in real biological samples including breast cancer cell lysates further proved the feasibility of this biosensor for practical application. Keywords: adenosine triphosphate;   antifouling;   aptasensor;   cancer cell lysates;   polydopamine;   polyethylene glycol. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SH Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 31:7:45633.  doi: 10.1038/srep45633. Precise Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer via Subcellular Dynamic Tracing of Dual-loaded Upconversion Nanophotosensitizers Yulei Chang 1, Xiaodan Li 1 2, Li Zhang 1 2, Lu Xia 1, Xiaomin Liu 1, Cuixia Li 1, Youlin Zhang 1, Langping Tu 1 3, Bin Xue 1 3, Huiying Zhao 2, Hong Zhang 3, Xianggui Kong 1 Abstract Recent advances in upconversion nanophotosensitizers (UCNPs-PS) excited by near-infrared (NIR) light have led to substantial progress in improving photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer.  For a successful PDT, subcellular organelles are promising therapeutic targets for reaching a satisfactory efficacy.  It is of vital importance for these nanophotosensitizers to reach specifically the organelles and to perform PDT with precise time control.  To do so, we have in this work traced the dynamic subcellular distribution, especially in organelles such as lysosomes and mitochondria, of the poly(allylamine)-modified and dual-loaded nanophotosensitizers.  The apoptosis of the cancer cells induced by PDT with the dependence of the distribution status of the nanophotosensitizers in organelles was obtained, which has provided an in-depth picture of intracellular trafficking of organelle-targeted nanophotosensitizers.  Our results shall facilitate the improvement of nanotechnology assisted photodynamic therapy of cancers. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SC Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) succinimidyl carbonate For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com