Int J Pharm. 2016 Jan 30;497(1-2):210-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.032. Epub 2015 Dec 1. Nanocomposite hydrogel incorporating gold nanorods and paclitaxel-loaded chitosan micelles for combination photothermal-chemotherapy Nan Zhang 1, Xuefan Xu 1, Xue Zhang 1, Ding Qu 1, Lingjing Xue 2, Ran Mo 1, Can Zhang 3 Abstract Development of combination photothermal-chemotherapy platform is of great interest for enhancing antitumor efficacy and inhibiting tumor recurrence, which supports selective and dose-controlled delivery of heat and anticancer drugs to tumor. Here, an injectable nanocomposite hydrogel incorporating PEGylated gold nanorods (GNRs) and paclitaxel-loaded chitosan polymeric micelles (PTX-M) is developed in pursuit of improved local tumor control. After intratumoral injection, both GNRs and PTX-M can be simultaneously delivered and immobilized in the tumor tissue by the thermo-sensitive hydrogel matrix. Exposure to the laser irradiation induces the GNR-mediated photothermal damage confined to the tumor with sparing the surrounding normal tissue. Synergistically, the co-delivered PTX-M shows prolonged tumor retention with the sustained release of anticancer drug to efficiently kill the residual tumor cells that evade the photothermal ablation due to the heterogeneous heating in the tumor region. This combination photothermal-chemotherapy presents superior effects on suppressing the tumor recurrence and prolonging the survival in the Heps-bearing mice, compared to the photothermal therapy alone. Keywords: Chemotherapy; Chitosan micelles; Combination therapy; Gold nanorod; Photothermal therapy. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SH Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017 Sep 13;9(36):31153-31160.   doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b09529.   Epub 2017 Aug 30. Mixed Self-Assembly of Polyethylene Glycol and Aptamer on Polydopamine Surface for Highly Sensitive and Low-Fouling Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate in Complex Media Guixiang Wang 1 2, Qingjun Xu 1, Lei Liu 1, Xiaoli Su 1, Jiehua Lin 1, Guiyun Xu 1, Xiliang Luo 1 Abstract Detection of disease biomarkers within complex biological media is a substantial outstanding challenge because of severe biofouling and nonspecific adsorptions.   Herein, a reliable strategy for sensitive and low-fouling detection of a biomarker, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in biological samples was developed through the formation of a mixed self-assembled sensing interface, which was constructed by simultaneously self-assembling polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ATP aptamer onto the self-polymerized polydopamine-modified electrode surface.   The developed aptasensor exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity toward the detection of ATP, and the linear range was 0.1-1000 pM, with a detection limit down to 0.1 pM.   Moreover, owing to the presence of PEG within the sensing interface, the aptasensor was capable of sensing ATP in complex biological media such as human plasma with significantly reduced nonspecific adsorption effect.   Assaying ATP in real biological samples including breast cancer cell lysates further proved the feasibility of this biosensor for practical application. Keywords: adenosine triphosphate;   antifouling;   aptasensor;   cancer cell lysates;   polydopamine;   polyethylene glycol. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SH Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 31:7:45633.  doi: 10.1038/srep45633. Precise Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer via Subcellular Dynamic Tracing of Dual-loaded Upconversion Nanophotosensitizers Yulei Chang 1, Xiaodan Li 1 2, Li Zhang 1 2, Lu Xia 1, Xiaomin Liu 1, Cuixia Li 1, Youlin Zhang 1, Langping Tu 1 3, Bin Xue 1 3, Huiying Zhao 2, Hong Zhang 3, Xianggui Kong 1 Abstract Recent advances in upconversion nanophotosensitizers (UCNPs-PS) excited by near-infrared (NIR) light have led to substantial progress in improving photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer.  For a successful PDT, subcellular organelles are promising therapeutic targets for reaching a satisfactory efficacy.  It is of vital importance for these nanophotosensitizers to reach specifically the organelles and to perform PDT with precise time control.  To do so, we have in this work traced the dynamic subcellular distribution, especially in organelles such as lysosomes and mitochondria, of the poly(allylamine)-modified and dual-loaded nanophotosensitizers.  The apoptosis of the cancer cells induced by PDT with the dependence of the distribution status of the nanophotosensitizers in organelles was obtained, which has provided an in-depth picture of intracellular trafficking of organelle-targeted nanophotosensitizers.  Our results shall facilitate the improvement of nanotechnology assisted photodynamic therapy of cancers. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SC Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) succinimidyl carbonate For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018 Feb 7;10(5):4359-4368.  doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b12005.  Epub 2018 Jan 23. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Nanoprobes for Revealing the Role of Dopamine in Drug Addiction Peijian Feng 1, Yulei Chen 1, Lei Zhang 2, Cheng-Gen Qian 1, Xuanzhong Xiao 1, Xu Han 1, Qun-Dong Shen 1 Abstract Brain imaging techniques enable visualizing the activity of central nervous system without invasive neurosurgery.  Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter.  Its fluctuation in brain leads to a wide range of diseases and disorders, like drug addiction, depression, and Parkinson's disease.  We designed near-infrared fluorescence dopamine-responsive nanoprobes (DRNs) for brain activity imaging during drug abuse and addiction process.  On the basis of light-induced electron transfer between DRNs and dopamine and molecular wire effect of the DRNs, we can track the dynamical change of the neurotransmitter level in the physiological environment and the releasing of the neurotransmitter in living dopaminergic neurons in response to nicotine stimulation.  The functional near-infrared fluorescence imaging can dynamically track the dopamine level in the mice midbrain under normal or drug-activated condition and evaluate the long-term effect of addictive substances to the brain.  This strategy has the potential for studying neural activity under physiological condition. Keywords: brain activity;  dopamine-responsive;  drug addiction;  functional neuroimaging;  near-infrared fluorescence. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SC Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) succinimidyl carbonate For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2015 Aug 26;7(33):18581-9. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b04987. Epub 2015 Aug 12. Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for Fluorescence Imaging and Sensing of Neurotransmitter Dopamine in Living Cells and the Brains of Zebrafish Larvae Cheng-Gen Qian 1, Sha Zhu 1, Pei-Jian Feng 1, Yu-Lei Chen 1, Ji-Cheng Yu 1, Xin Tang 1, Yun Liu 1, Qun-Dong Shen 1 Abstract Nanoscale materials are now attracting a great deal of attention for biomedical applications. Conjugated polymer nanoparticles have remarkable photophysical properties that make them highly advantageous for biological fluorescence imaging. We report on conjugated polymer nanoparticles with phenylboronic acid tags on the surface for fluorescence detection of neurotransmitter dopamine in both living PC12 cells and brain of zebrafish larvae. The selective enrichment of dopamine and fluorescence signal amplification characteristics of the nanoparticles show rapid and high-sensitive probing such neurotransmitter with the detection limit of 38.8 nM, and minimum interference from other endogenous molecules. It demonstrates the potential of nanomaterials as a multifunctional nanoplatform for targeting, diagnosis, and therapy of dopamine-relative disease. Keywords: bioimaging; conjugated polymers; dopamine; fluorescence sensing; nanoparticles. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SC Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) succinimidyl carbonate For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Acromegaly is a rare debilitating endocrine disease characterised by hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH). It is generally accepted that the clinical manifestations of acromegaly are mediated through elevations in serum IGF-I concentrations. Somavert is indicated for the treatment of patients with acromegaly who have had an inadequate response to surgery and/or radiation therapy and in whom an appropriate medical treatment with somatostatin analogues did not normalize IGF-I concentrations or was not tolerated. Pegvisomant, the active substance in Somavert, is a 40-50 kDa molecular variant of the human growth hormone (hGH) consisting of recombinant protein component and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The protein molecule (B2036) is modified by covalent addition of  polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules resulting in a pegylated protein (B2036-PEG) with 4 and 5 PEG groups per B2036-PEG molecule. The purpose of direct pegylation of the protein was used to prolong half-life of B2036 and to reduce a potential immunogenicity. B2036-PEG showed decreased binding at the site 2 of the HGHR compared with B2036. Despite the reduced affinity for the receptor, work on the protein had shown increased potency of the pegylated form due to the prolonged circulating half-life . The pharmacodynamic studies presented showed that pegvisomant is a potent competitive and specific antagonist of hGH binding in vitro and in vivo. Reference: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-discussion/somavert-epar-scientific-discussion_en.pdf Linear Monofunctional PEGs Linear Bifunctional PEGs Linear Heterofunctional PEGs 2-arm (LYS) Polyethylene Glycol 2-arm (PTO2) Polyethylene Glycol 2-arm (GLY) Polyethylene Glycol 2-arm (Fluorene) Polyethylene glycol Y type (Y1PTO2) Polyethylene Glycol 3-arm Polyethylene Glycol 4-arm Polyethylene Glycol 6-arm (DP) Polyethylene Glycol 8-arm (TP) Polyethylene Glycol 8-arm (HG) Polyethylene Glycol 8-arm (SUC) Polyethylene Glycol

Dalton Trans. 2016 Aug 16;45(33):13052-60. doi: 10.1039/c6dt01404f. An upconversion nanoplatform for simultaneous photodynamic therapy and Pt chemotherapy to combat cisplatin resistance Fujin Ai 1, Tianying Sun 2, Zoufeng Xu 1, Zhigang Wang 1, Wei Kong 2, Man Wai To 3, Feng Wang 4, Guangyu Zhu 1 Abstract Platinum-based antineoplastic drugs are among the first-line chemotherapeutic agents against a variety of solid tumors, but toxic side-effects and drug resistance issues limit their clinical optimization. Novel strategies and platforms to conquer cisplatin resistance are highly desired. Herein, we assembled a multimodal nanoplatform utilizing 808 nm-excited and biocompatible core-shell-shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) [NaGdF4:Yb/Nd@NaGdF4:Yb/Er@NaGdF4] that were covalently loaded with not only photosensitizers (PSs), but also Pt(iv) prodrugs, which were rose bengal (RB) and c,c,t-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2(OCOCH2CH2NH2)2], respectively. The UCNPs had the capability to convert near infrared (NIR) light to visible light, which was further utilized by RB to generate singlet oxygen. At the same time, the nanoplatform delivered the Pt(iv) prodrug into cancer cells. Thus, this upconversion nanoplatform was able to carry out combined and simultaneous photodynamic therapy (PDT) and Pt chemotherapy. The nanoplatform was well characterized and the energy transfer efficiency was confirmed. Compared with free cisplatin or UCNPs loaded with RB only, our nanoplatform showed significantly improved cytotoxicity upon 808 nm irradiation in both cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant human ovarian cancer cells. A mechanistic study showed that the nanoparticles efficiently delivered the Pt(iv) prodrug into cancer cells, resulting in Pt-DNA damage, and that the nanoplatform generated cellular singlet oxygen to kill cancer cells. We, therefore, provide a comprehensive strategy to use UCNPs for combined Pt chemotherapy and PDT against cisplatin resistance, and our nanoplatform can also be used as a theranostic tool due to its NIR bioimaging capacity. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SC Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) succinimidyl carbonate For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Sci Rep. 2015 Jun 2:5:10785.  doi: 10.1038/srep10785. A core-shell-shell nanoplatform upconverting near-infrared light at 808 nm for luminescence imaging and photodynamic therapy of cancer Fujin Ai 1, Qiang Ju 2, Xiaoman Zhang 3, Xian Chen 2, Feng Wang 4, Guangyu Zhu 1 Abstract Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been extensively explored for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and imaging due to their representative large anti-Stokes shifts, deep penetration into biological tissues, narrow emission bands, and high spatial-temporal resolution.  Conventional UCNP-based PDT system, however, utilizes exitation at 980 nm, at which water has significant absorption, leading to a huge concern that the cell killing effect is from the irradiation due to overheating effect.  Here we report an efficient nanoplatform using 808-nm excited NaYbF4:Nd@NaGdF4:Yb/Er@NaGdF4 core-shell-shell nanoparticles loaded with Chlorin e6 and folic acid for simultaneous imaging and PDT.  At this wavelength, the absorption of water is minimized.  High energy transfer efficiency is achieved to generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen.  Our nanoplatform effectively kills cancer cells in concentration-, time-, and receptor-dependent manners.  More importantly, our nanoplatform is still able to efficiently generate singlet oxygen beneath 15-mm thickness of muscle tissue but 980 nm excitation cannot, showing that a higher penetration depth is achieved by our system.  These results imply that our nanoplatform has the ability to effectively kill intrinsic tumor or the center of large tumors through PDT, which significantly improves the anticancer efficacy using UCNP-based PDT system and broadens the types of tumors that could be cured. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SC Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) succinimidyl carbonate For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com