Process Biochemistry. Volume 52, January 2017, Pages 183-191 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2016.09.029 Effect of protein immunogenicity and PEG size and branching on the anti-PEG immune response to PEGylated proteins Xue Wan, Juankun Zhang, Weili Yu, Lijuan Shen, Shaoyang Ji, Tao Hu Abstract PEGylation has successfully improved the pharmacological properties of therapeutic proteins. However, polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been burdened by immunogenicity that renders a negative clinical effect on therapeutic proteins. The anti-PEG immune response to PEGylated proteins possibly depends on the nature of proteins and the conjugated methoxy PEG (mPEG). Thus, it is necessary to investigate the effects of protein immunogenicity, the extent of PEGylation, the molecular weight (Mw), and the branching of mPEG on the anti-PEG immune response. Ovalbumin, tetanus toxoid (TT), TT–TT conjugate, and TT–bovine serum albumin conjugate were used as target proteins. PEGylated proteins with different extents of PEGylation were obtained by fractionation of the PEGylated TT with size exclusion chromatography. The PEGylated proteins with different Mw and branching of mPEG were obtained by modification of TT with linear mPEG (5 kDa and 20 kDa) and branched mPEG (20 kDa). The PEGylated proteins elicited high levels of anti-PEG antibodies (predominantly IgM and IgG1). The anti-PEG immune response depended on the immunogenicity of proteins, the extent of PEGylation, and the Mw of mPEG. In contrast, branching of mPEG had an insignificant effect on the anti-PEG immune response to the PEGylated proteins. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-MAL Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) maleimide For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020 May;104(9):3921-3934. doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10484-4. Epub 2020 Mar 6. A bioengineered arginine-depleting enzyme as a long-lasting therapeutic agent against cancer Sai-Fung Chung, Chi-Fai Kim, Suet-Ying Tam, Man-Chung Choi, Pui-Kin So, Kwok-Yin Wong, Yun-Chung Leung, Wai-Hung Lo Abstract L-Arginine (L-Arg) depletion has attracted great attention in cancer therapy. Although two types of arginine-depleting enzymes, arginine deiminase (ADI) and human arginase I, are undergoing clinical trials, random site of PEGylation, low efficacy of heavy metal as co-factor, and immunogenicity limit the performance of these drugs and cause difficulty in a homogeneous production. Here we screened ten catalytic metal ions and have successfully produced a site-specific mono-PEGylated human arginase I mutant by conjugating the Cys45 residue to PEG-maleimide to minimize the decrease in activity and produce a homogeneous product. The catalytic efficiency trend of metal ion-enriched human arginase I mutant (HAI) was Co2+ > Ni2+ ≫ Mn2+. The overall kcat/KM values of Co-HAI and Ni-HAI were higher than Mn-HAI by ~ 8.7- and ~ 5.2-folds, respectively. Moreover, the results of enzyme kinetics and circular dichroism spectrometry demonstrated that the 20 or 40 kDa linear and branched PEG attached on the HAI surface did not affect the enzyme activity and the protein secondary structures. In vitro studies showed that both Co-HAI-PEG20L and Ni-HAI-PEG20L inhibited the growth of eight types of cancer cell lines. The pharmacodynamic study in mice demonstrated that the i.p. administration of Co-HAI-PEG20L at 13 mg/kg and Ni-HAI-PEG20L at 15 mg/kg was able to maintain a L-Arg level below its detection limit for over 120 h after one injection. The body weights of mice could return to normal levels within 5 days after injection, showing that the doses were well-tolerated. Therefore, both the Ni-HAI-PEG20L and Co-HAI-PEG20L are promising candidates for cancer therapy. KEY POINTS: • Mono-PEGylation applied on human arginase I mutant (HAI) successfully. • The catalytic efficiency of Co- and Ni-enriched HAI was higher than the wild type. • At least eight types of cancer cell lines were inhibited by Co- and Ni-HAI-PEG20L. • Co- and Ni-HAI-PEG20L were able to achieve weekly depletion of L-Arg. Graphical abstract. Keywords: Divalent metal ions; Human arginase I; L-Arg; Pharmacodynamics; Site-specific mono-PEGylation. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-MAL Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) maleimide For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Polymers (Basel). 2016 Nov 18;8(11):404. doi: 10.3390/polym8110404. Thixotropic Supramolecular Pectin-Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Methacrylate (PEGMA) Hydrogels Siew Yin Chan, Wee Sim Choo, David James Young, Xian Jun Loh Abstract Pectin is an anionic, water-soluble polymer predominantly consisting of covalently 1,4-linked α-d-galacturonic acid units. This naturally occurring, renewable and biodegradable polymer is underutilized in polymer science due to its insolubility in organic solvents, which renders conventional polymerization methods impractical. To circumvent this problem, cerium-initiated radical polymerization was utilized to graft methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (mPEGMA) onto pectin in water. The copolymers were characterized by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and used in the formation of supramolecular hydrogels through the addition of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) to induce crosslinking. These hydrogels possessed thixotropic properties; shear-thinning to liquid upon agitation but settling into gels at rest. In contrast to most of the other hydrogels produced through the use of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted polymers, the pectin-PEGMA/α-CD hydrogels were unaffected by temperature changes. Keywords: cerium; pectin; poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate; supramolecular hydrogel; α-cyclodextrin. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-MA Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Chinese Chemical Letters. Volume 28, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 1290-1299 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2017.01.007 Polyethylene glycol phospholipids encapsulated silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine dihydroxide nanoparticles (SiNcOH-DSPE-PEG(NH2) NPs) for single NIR laser induced cancer combination therapy Jing-Ping Wei, Xiao-Lan Chen, Xiao-Yong Wang, Jing-Chao Li, Sai-Ge Shi, Gang Liu, Nan-Feng Zheng Abstract Currently, the combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a powerful technique for cancer treatment. However, most examples of combined PTT and PDT reported use multi-component nanocomposites under excitation of separate wavelength, resulting in complex treatment process. In this work, a novel theranostic nanoplatform (SiNcOH-DSPE-PEG(NH2) NPs) has been successfully developed by coating silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine dihydroxide (SiNcOH) with DSPE-PEG and DSPE-PEG-NH2 for photoacoustic (PA) imaging-guided PTT and PDT tumor ablation for the first time. The as-prepared single-agent SiNcOH-DSPE-PEG(NH2) NPs not only have good water solubility and biocompatibility, but also exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency and singlet oxygen generation capability upon 808 nm NIR laser irradiation. In addition, owing to their high absorption at NIR region, the SiNcOH-DSPE-PEG(NH2) NPs can also be employed as an effective diagnostic nanoagent for photoacoustic (PA) imaging. In vitro and in vivo experimental results clearly indicated that the simultaneously combined PTT and PDT under the guidance of PA imaging with single NIR laser excitation can effectively kill cancer cells or eradicate tumor tissues. Taking facile synthesis and high efficiency in cancer treatment by SiNcOH-DSPE-PEG(NH2) NPs into consideration, our study provides a promising strategy to realize molecular imaging-guided combination therapy. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-DSPE Name: 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)] Abbreviation: DSPE-PEG-NH2 Name: α-Amino-ω-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamino poly(ethylene glycol) For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Drug Deliv. 2017 Nov;24(1):707-719. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1303855. Design of a novel curcumin-soybean phosphatidylcholine complex-based targeted drug delivery systems Jiajiang Xie, Yanxiu Li, Liang Song, Zhou Pan, Shefang Ye, Zhenqing Hou Abstract Recently, the global trend in the field of nanomedicine has been toward the design of combination of nature active constituents and phospholipid (PC) to form a therapeutic drug-phospholipid complex. As a particular amphiphilic molecular complex, it can be a unique bridge of traditional dosage-form and novel drug delivery system. In thisarticle, on the basis of drug-phospholipid complex technique and self-assembly technique, we chose a pharmacologically safe and low toxic drug curcumin (CUR) to increase drug-loading ability, achieve controlled/sustained drug release and improve anticancer activity. A novel CUR-soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) complex and CUR-SPC complex self-assembled nanoparticles (CUR-SPC NPs) were prepared by a co-solvent method and a nanoprecipitation method. DSPE-PEG-FA was further functionalized on the surface of PEG-CUR-SPC NPs (designed as FA-PEG-CUR-SPC NPs) to specifically increase cellular uptake and targetability. The FA-PEG-CUR-SPC NPs showed a spherical shape, a mean diameter of about 180 nm, an excellent physiological stability and pH-triggered drug release. The drug entrapment efficiency and drug-loading content was up to 92.5 and 16.3%, respectively. In vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that FA-PEG-CUR-SPC NPs and CUR-SPC NPs presented significantly stronger cellular uptake efficacy and anticancer activity against HeLa cells and Caco-2 cells compared to free CUR, CUR-SPC NPs and PEG-CUR-SPC NPs. More importantly, FA-PEG-CUR-SPC NPs showed the prolonged systemic circulation lifetime and enhanced tumor accumulation compared with free CUR and PEG-CUR-SPC NPs. These results suggest that the FA targeted PEGylated CUR-SPC complex self-assembled NPs might be a promising candidate in cancer therapy. Keywords: Curcumin; anticancer drug-phospholipid complex; nanoparticles; self-assembly; targeting. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-DSPE Name: 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)] Abbreviation: DSPE-PEG-FA Name: α-Folic acid-ω-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamino poly(ethylene glycol) For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

J Control Release. 2016 Apr 28;228:107-119. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.044. Epub 2016 Mar 3. Sigma receptor-mediated targeted delivery of anti-angiogenic multifunctional nanodrugs for combination tumor therapy Yuanke Li, Yuanyuan Wu, Leaf Huang, Lei Miao, Jianping Zhou, Andrew Benson Satterlee, Jing Yao Abstract The potential of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in anti-angiogenic therapy has been tempered by poor in vivo delivery to the tumor cell and potentially harmful side effects, such as the risk of bleeding due to heparin's anticoagulant activity. In order to overcome these limitations and further improve the therapeutic effect of LMWH, we designed a novel combination nanosystem of LMWH and ursolic acid (UA), which is also an angiogenesis inhibitor for tumor therapy. In this system, an amphiphilic LMWH-UA (LHU) conjugate was synthesized and self-assembled into core/shell nanodrugs with combined anti-angiogenic activity and significantly reduced anticoagulant activity. Furthermore, DSPE-PEG-AA-modified LHU nanodrugs (A-LHU) were developed to facilitate the delivery of nanodrugs to the tumor. The anti-angiogenic activity of A-LHU was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. It was found that A-LHU significantly inhibited the tubular formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (p<0.01) and the angiogenesis induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in a Matrigel plug assay (p<0.001). More importantly, A-LHU displayed significant inhibition on the tumor growth in B16F10-bearing mice in vivo. The level of CD31 and p-VEGFR-2 expression has demonstrated that the excellent efficacy of antitumor was associated with a decrease in angiogenesis. In conclusion, A-LHU nanodrugs are a promising multifunctional antitumor drug delivery system. Keywords: Anti-angiogenesis; Combination therapy; Low molecular weight heparin; Nanodrugs; Sigma receptor; Ursolic acid. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-DSPE Name: 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)] For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Biomaterials. 2018 Mar;157:107-124. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.12.003. Epub 2017 Dec 9. Tumor acidity activating multifunctional nanoplatform for NIR-mediated multiple enhanced photodynamic and photothermal tumor therapy Junjie Liu, Huining Liang, Menghuan Li, Zhong Luo, Jixi Zhang, Xingming Guo, Kaiyong Cai Abstract The study reports a multifunctional nanoplatform based on mesoporous silica coated gold nanorod (AuNR@MSN) to overcome biological barriers associating with nanocarrier for multiple enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PPT). Indocyanine green (ICG) was loaded into AuNR@MSN and end-capped with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Then, a peptide RLA ([RLARLAR]2) with plasma membrane permeability and mitochondria-targeting capacity was anchored to AuNR@MSN via host-gust interaction. Subsequently, a charge-reversible polymer was introduced to endow stealth property. When the nanoplatform extravasates to tumor tissue, the weak acidity in tumor microenvironment could induce the dissociation of charge-reversible polymer and re-exposure of RLA peptide. Such a pH-mediated transition could facilitate the targeted accumulation of the nanoplatform in mitochondria. Upon singular 808 nm laser irradiation, the nanoplatform displayed enhanced PDT effect through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated by the local electric field of AuNR, plasmonic photothermal effect, and leakage of endogenous ROS by mitochondrion-targeted PDT. Meanwhile, local hyperthermia was generated by both ICG and AuNR for PPT. The in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the composite nanoplatform had good antitumor effect with minimal side effect. This work provides new insight into the development of new phototherapeutics for oncotherapy. Keywords: Charge-reversal; Gold nanorod; Mitochondrial targeting; Photodynamic therapy; Photothermal therapy; Reactive oxygen species. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-CM Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) carboxymethyl For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Powder Technology. Volume 358, 15 December 2019, Pages 3-12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2018.08.045 Matrix metalloproteinases sensitive multifunctional micelles for inhibition of metastatic tumor growth and metastasis Chao Qin, Xin Yang, Yubing Wu, Yaqi Lv, Li Zhang, Xiaofei Xin, Lei Yang, Wei He, Xiaopeng Han, Lifang Yin, Chunyong Wu Abstract A matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) triggered multifunctional micellar system loading traditional chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel (PTX) and marimastat (MATT), an inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, was established to prevent tumor growth and metastasis. The micelles were self-assembled by the conjugate synthesized with an MMPs sensitive peptide as the bridge between PTX and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). 4T1 cell line derived from a murine breast tumor was selected as the cell model due to its high metastasis. The cytotoxicity assay and cell apoptosis analysis revealed that the sensitive micelles increased the toxicity and cell apoptosis compared with the insensitive micelles. In addition, this system also exhibited high penetration ability in tumor spheroids and significant invasion inhibition with the method of Transwell invasion assay. In the BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 tumors, this system inhibited the growth of the metastatic tumor and prevented the incidence of lung metastasis with low systemic toxicity. And the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, which are important in the process of tumor metastasis, was down-regulated. Generally, the data obtained from the in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that the codelivery of PTX and MATT by the MMPs sensitive micelles achieved not only significant antitumor effect but also obvious inhibition effect of tumor metastasis, which are the leading cause of cancer deaths. This functional particle system may provide a promising strategy for metastatic breast cancer therapy. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-CM Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) carboxymethyl For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com