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Research Article | Issue | Published: 06 December 2016 Safety profile of two-dimensional Pd nanosheets for photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging Mei Chen1,§, Shuzhen Chen2,3,§, Chengyong He2,§, Shiguang Mo1, Xiaoyong Wang2, Gang Liu2, Nanfeng Zheng1 Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets have emerged as an important class of nanomaterial with great potential in the field of biomedicines, particularly in cancer theranostics.   However, owing to the lack of effective methods that synthesize uniform 2D nanomaterials with controlled size, systematic evaluation of size-dependent bio-behaviors of 2D nanomaterials is rarely reported.   To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report a systematic evaluation of the influence of size of 2D nanomaterials on their bio-behaviors.   2D Pd nanosheets with diameters ranging from 5 to 80 nm were synthesized and tested in cell and animal models to assess their size-dependent bioapplication, biodistribution, elimination, toxicity, and genomic gene expression profiles.   Our results showed size significantly influences the biological behaviors of Pd nanosheets, including their photothermal and photoacoustic effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity.   Compared to larger-sized Pd nanosheets, smaller-sized Pd nanosheets exhibited more advanced photoacoustic imaging and photothermal effects upon ultralow laser irradiation.   Moreover, in vivo results indicated that 5-nm Pd nanosheets escape from the reticuloendothelial system with a longer blood half-life and can be cleared by renal excretion, while Pd nanosheets with larger sizes mainly accumulate in the liver and spleen.   The 30-nm Pd nanosheets exhibited the highest tumor accumulation.   Although Pd nanosheets did not cause any appreciable toxicity at the cellular level, we observed slight lipid accumulation in the liver and inflammation in the spleen.   Genomic gene expression analysis showed that 80-nm Pd nanosheets interacted with more cellular components and affected more biological processes in the liver, as compared to 5-nm Pd nanosheets.   We believe this work will provide valuable information and insights into the clinical application of 2D Pd nanosheets as nanomedicines. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SH Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

We are delighted to invite you to visit our booth at TIDES USA, taking place from May 14th to 17th, 2024 in Boston, USA. The exhibition booth number for SINOPEG is 911. TIDES USA serves as an excellent platform for networking, sharing knowledge, and exploring cutting-edge innovations. At our booth #911, you can expect an engaging and informative experience. We have prepared a wide range of exciting content to share with you, including ADC/PROTAC PEG Linkers, GLP-1 Intermediates, Block Copolymers, etc. We believe these offerings will spark interesting discussions and provide valuable insights into the latest developments in the industry. Whether you are looking to collaborate, explore potential partnerships, or simply exchange ideas, our team will be available at booth 911 to meet and discuss further. We kindly request that you mark your calendar and reserve some time to visit our booth during the exhibition. We value your presence and look forward to the opportunity to connect with you. Should you have any inquiries or require further information, please do not hesitate to contact us. Thank you for considering our invitation, and we hope to see you at TIDES USA. For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Engineering PEG-based hydrogels can efficiently foster endothelial network formation in free-swelling and confined microenvironments Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and its derivatives are among the few polymers approved by the US FDA that can be used in biomedical products. The PEGl-based hydrogel has excellent flexibility and biocompatibility. Some PEG hydrogels can not only be degraded, but also can form bioactive site through modifying the connexins in a chemical way. In vitro tissue engineered models are expected to have significant impact on disease modeling and preclinical drug development. Reliable methods to induce microvascular networks in such microphysiological systems are needed to improve the size and physiological function of these models. By systematically engineering several physical and biomolecular properties of the cellular microenvironment (including crosslinking density, polymer density, adhesion ligand concentration, and degradability), the author Alexander Brown establish design principles that describe how synthetic matrix properties influence vascular morphogenesis in modular and tunable hydrogels based on commercial 8-arm poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG8a) macromers. The author applies these design principles to generate endothelial networks that exhibit consistent morphology throughout depths of hydrogel greater than 1 mm. These PEG8a-based hydrogels have relatively high volumetric swelling ratios (>1.5), which limits their utility in confined environments such as microfluidic devices. To overcome this limitation, the author mitigates swelling by incorporating a highly functional PEG-grafted alpha-helical poly (propargyl-l-glutamate) (PPLGgPEG) macromer along with the canonical 8-arm PEG8a macromer in gel formation. This hydrogel platform supports enhanced endothelial morphogenesis in neutral-swelling environments. Finally, the author incorporates PEG8a-PPLGgPEG gels into microfluidic devices and demonstrates improved diffusion kinetics and microvascular network formation in situ compared to PEG8a-based gels. [1] Brown A ,  He H ,  Trumper E , et al. Engineering PEG-based hydrogels to foster efficient endothelial network formation in free-swelling and confined microenvironments[J]. Biomaterials, 2020, 243:119921. If there is any copyright infringement, please contact us and we will remove the content at the first time. Sinopeg provide various NW poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) products: 2KDa, 5KDa, 10KDa, 20KDa, etc. Products: Linear Monofunctional PEGs Linear Bifunctional PEGs Linear Heterofunctional PEGs Branched PEGs Multi-Arm Functional PEGs Functionally Grafted PEGs

Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems are widely used in the fields of gene therapy and vaccines.However, to achieve effective gene delivery and vaccine delivery, not only suitable carriers and nucleic acids or antigens need to be selected, but also excipients for LNP delivery systems are needed.These excipients play a key role in stability, transparency, protective effect, and charge capacity. Firstly, stability is an important characteristic of excipients for LNP delivery systems.Excipients interact with lipid components, increasing the stability of LNP.For example, polyethylene glycol (PEG) is one of the commonly used excipients, which can form a stable layer of polymer by covering the surface of LNP.This polymer layer helps to reduce protein and cell adsorption and provides additional stability, thereby prolonging the circulation life of LNP. Secondly, transparency is an important factor to be considered when designing LNP delivery systems.Transparency can affect the preparation of LNP and the visualization of the internal structure.Therefore, excipients are usually selected for their characteristics of lower absorption and scattering of light to obtain clear imaging and accurate structural analysis. In addition, excipients for LNP delivery systems can also provide protection, protecting nucleic acids or antigens from degradation. For example, cholesterol is a common excipient that can be inserted into LNP to form a barrier that protects the nucleic acid or antigen.This protective layer can prevent the nucleic acid or antigen from being attacked by enzymes and help improve delivery efficiency and immune activation. In addition, charge is also an important characteristic of excipients.Charge can affect the interaction between LNP and target cells and delivery efficiency.For example, some excipients can regulate the charge state on the surface of LNP to improve its adsorption and cell uptake, thus improving delivery effect. In summary, excipients in LNP delivery systems play an important role in gene therapy and vaccine research.By selecting appropriate excipients, the stability, transparency, protective effect and charge of LNP can be optimized to achieve efficient gene delivery and vaccine delivery.Researchers will continue to develop new excipients to further improve the performance of LNP delivery systems and promote the development of gene therapy and vaccine research. Lipids that has been registered with DMF: Ionizable Cationic Lipid DLin-MC3-DMA SM-102 (HUO) ALC-0315 (DHA) DHA-1 (ALC-0315 analogue) PEGylated Lipids mPEG-DMG-2K ALC-0159 (mPEG-DTA) mPEG-DTA-1-2K (ALC-0159 analogue) Neutral Phospholipid DSPC DOPE Sterol Lipids Cholesterol (Plant) Click here for more lipid products

We are delighted to announce that SINOPEG will be participating in the LNP Formulation & Process Development Summit 2024 Agreement, scheduled to take place on April 29, 2024, in Boston, USA. This prestigious exhibition offers a unique platform for industry professionals to gather and exchange valuable insights on the latest advancements in LNP formulation and process development. We extend a warm welcome to everyone interested in this field to join us at this exciting event. Powered by latest developments with LNP CRISPR gene editing in the lungs, Bayer and Acuitas uniting to strengthen their Gene Therapy portfolio, new biotech ReNAgade Therapeutics launching with $300m Series A financing, lipid nanoparticles continue to dominate biopharma pipelines in 2024 and beyond as the most successful non-viral delivery vehicle to date. Moving into novel applications from gene therapy and cell therapy, and new disease indications from oncology to rare disease, LNP are equipping scientists with the ability to deliver transformative medicines to patients. With industry at a critical inflection point as a need to demonstrate clinical advancements for confidence to advance pipelines in 2024, the 3rd LNP Formulation & Process Development Summit will unite again in April with 4 tracks of carefully curated content as the industry’s one-stop-shop to evaluate and optimize LNPs end-to-end development for your given target of interest. *60+ expert speakers pioneering the next generation of LNP drug products *Content from early-stage discovery through the commercialized manufacture at large scale *A plethora of payloads, disease indications and route of administration *8 in-depth workshops, LNP 101 focus day, IP Patenting & Commercial Partnerships focus day, and 10+ hours of dedicated networking *Countless new topics, new speakers and new companies Date: April 29, 2024 Location:Boston, USA For more information and registration details, please visit the official website of the LNP Formulation & Process Development Summit 2024 Agreement. The LNP Formulation & Process Development Summit 2024 Agreement in Boston is an event not to be missed for professionals in the field of LNP formulation and process development.  We look forward to welcoming you to this exciting exhibition, where we can collectively contribute to the advancement of this rapidly evolving field. See you there!